Europe: North Sea & Icelandic Basalts

Europe blends mature North Sea offshore saline formations with world-leading basalt carbonation in Iceland and repurposed Dutch gas fields. This mix can scale to hundreds of megatons of CO₂ storage.

Why We Need 100+ Storage Sites by 2030

To hold warming to 1.5 °C, we must store at least 10 Gt CO₂/yr by 2030. Europe’s share is 5 Gt this decade:

Scale out to every major:

Today fewer than 10 injection sites operate at scale. We must partner with governments and industry while accelerating tech to cut costs and move from research to routine storage.

North Sea Offshore Saline Aquifers

Jurassic sandstones 1 000–2 500 m below seabed trap CO₂ under caprock. Sleipner (since ’96) and Snøhvit prove safe, long-term injection.

Capacity: 0.4 Gt CO₂
Readiness: High

Icelandic Basalt Carbonation (Carbfix)

Basalt at Þeistareykir and Hellisheiði reacts with CO₂-rich water, mineralizing >95% in <2 yrs. Scale-up to 0.05 Gt under development.

Capacity: 0.05 Gt CO₂
Readiness: Medium

Netherlands Depleted Gas Fields

Groningen, Schoonebeek and other fields offer proven seals, infrastructure and pipelines. Pilots are validating pressure management and monitoring.

Capacity: 0.15 Gt CO₂
Readiness: Emerging

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